October 12, 2001, 21:00 EDT (9:00 PM EDT) How To Handle Anthrax And Other Biological Agent Threats
Many facilities in communities around the country have received anthrax threat
letters. Most were empty envelopes; some have contained powdery substances.
The purpose of these guidelines is to recommend procedures for handling such incidents.
1. DO NOT PANIC
a. Anthrax organisms can cause infection in the skin, gastrointestinal system, or the lungs. To do so, the organism must be rubbed into abraded skin,
swallowed, or inhaled as a fine, aerosolized mist. Disease can be prevented after exposure to the anthrax spores by early treatment with the appropriate antibiotics. Anthrax is not
spread from one person to another person.
b. For anthrax to be effective as a covert agent, it must be aerosolized into very small particles. This is
difficult to do, and requires a great deal of technical skill and special equipment. If these small particles are inhaled, life-threatening lung infection can occur, but prompt recognition
and treatment are effective.
2. SUSPICIOUS UNOPENED LETTER OR PACKAGE MARKED WITH THREATENING MESSAGE SUCH AS "ANTHRAX":
a. Do not shake or
empty the contents of any suspicious envelope or package.
b. PLACE the envelope or package in a plastic bag or some other type of container to prevent leakage of
contents.
c. If you do not have any container, then COVER the envelope or package with anything (e.g., clothing, paper, trash can, etc.) and do not remove this
cover.
d. Then LEAVE the room and CLOSE the door, or section off the area to prevent others from entering (i.e., keep others away).
e. WASH your hands with soap and water to prevent spreading any powder to your face.
f. What to do next...
1. If you are at HOME, then report the incident to local police.
2. If you are at WORK, then report the incident to local police, and notify your building security official
or an available supervisor.
g. LIST all people who were in the room or area when this suspicious letter or package was recognized. Give this list to both the local public health
authorities and law enforcement officials for follow-up investigations and advice.
3. ENVELOPE WITH POWDER AND POWDER SPILLS OUT ONTO SURFACE:
a.
DO NOT try to CLEAN UP the powder. COVER the spilled contents immediately with anything (e.g., clothing, paper, trash can, etc.) and do not remove this cover!
b. Then LEAVE the room and CLOSE the door, or section off the area to prevent others from entering (i.e., keep others away).
c. WASH your hands with soap
and water to prevent spreading any powder to your face.
d. What to do next...
1. If you are at HOME, then report the incident to local police.
2. If you are at WORK, then report the incident to local police, and notify your building security official
or an available supervisor.
e. REMOVE heavily contaminated clothing as soon as possible and place in a plastic bag, or some other container that can be sealed. This clothing bag
should be given to the emergency responders for proper handling.
f. SHOWER with soap and water as soon as possible. Do Not Use Bleach Or Other Disinfectant
On Your Skin.
g. If possible, list all people who were in the room or area, especially those who had actual contact with the powder. Give this list to both
the local public health authorities so that proper instructions can be given for medical follow-up, and to law enforcement officials for further investigation.
4. QUESTION OF ROOM CONTAMINATION BY AEROSOLIZATION:
For example: small device triggered, warning that air handling system is contaminated, or warning that a biological agent
released in a public space.
a. Turn off local fans or ventilation units in the area.
b. LEAVE area immediately.
c. CLOSE the door, or section off the area to prevent others from entering (i.e., keep others away).
d. What to do next...
1. If you are at HOME, then dial "911" to report the incident to local police and the local FBI field office.
2. If you are at WORK, then dial "911" to
report the incident to local police and the local FBI field office, and notify your building security official or an available supervisor.
e. SHUT down air handling system in the building, if possible.
f. If possible, list all people who were in the room or
area. Give this list to both the local public health authorities so that proper instructions can be given for medical follow-up, and to law enforcement officials for further investigation.
5. HOW TO IDENTIFY SUSPICIOUS PACKAGES AND LETTERS
a. Some characteristics of suspicious packages and letters include the following...
1. Excessive postage
2. Handwritten or poorly typed addresses
3. Incorrect titles
4. Title, but no name
5. Misspellings of common words
6. Oily stains, discolorations or odor
7. No return address
8. Excessive weight
9. Lopsided or uneven envelope
10. Protruding wires or aluminum foil
11. Excessive security material such as masking tape, string, etc.
12. Visual distractions
13. Ticking sound
14.
Marked with restrictive endorsements, such as "Personal" or "Confidential"
15. Shows a city or state in the postmark that does not match the return address
For more information on anthrax and other such agents, please visit the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention web site at
